Linux 下如果在命令行用 rm 命令删除文件，这样是不可恢复的。所以 Linux 系统中的 rm 删除 命令是一个很危险的操作，一旦不小心将重要的文件删除，有时候可能会出现灾难性的后果。在这里，我们来实现一个可以将文件删除到回收站的新的删除命令，并支持将文件恢复到原来位置。该命令工具主要实现以下功能：
原文件+删除时间
的形式保存，恢复文件时应提供此新的文件名
其具体实现如下所示：
#!/bin/bash
# Filename: delete.sh 2015.08.31
# Author: huoty <sudohuoty@163.com>
# Script starts from here:
#### 定义终端输出文本颜色
COLOR_RED="\e[31;49m"
COLOR_GREEN="\e[32;49m"
COLOR_YELLO="\e[33;49m"
COLOR_BLUE="\e[34;49m"
COLOR_MAGENTA="\e[35;49m"
COLOR_CYAN="\e[36;49m"
COLOR_WHILE="\033[1m"
COLOR_RESET="\e[0m"
#### 为程序的首次使用创建回收站
if [ ! -d ~/.trash ]
then
mkdir -vp ~/.trash
fi
LOGFILE=".log"
#### 显示程序帮组信息
usage()
{
echo -e "Usage: delete [options] file1 [file2 file3....]\n"
echo -e "delete is a simple command line interface for deleting file to custom trash.\n"
echo "Options:"
echo " -d Empty the trash"
echo " -f Forced delete file"
echo " -r Restore the file in the trash"
echo " -l List the files in the trash"
echo " -p Print log file"
echo " -h Show this help message and exit"
echo " -v Show program's version number and exit"
}
#### 如果没有提供任何参数
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
usage
exit 0
fi
#### 判断是否存在定义的参数
debaroption()
{
if [ $1 = "-d" -o $1 = "-f" -o $1 = "-r" -o $1 = "-l" -o $1 = "-p" -o $1 = "-v" -o $1 = "-h" ]
then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
#### 读取参数并做相应处理
force=0 # 强制删除标记
restore=0 # 文件恢复标记
while getopts "dfrlpvh" opt
do
case $opt in
d) # 清空回收站
#if zenity --question --text "Are you sure you want to empty the trash ?"
echo -ne "Are you sure you want to empty the trash?[Y/N]:\a"
read reply
if [ $reply = "y" -o $reply = "Y" ]
then
for file in `ls -a ~/.trash/`
do
if [ $file = "." -o $file = ".." ]
then
continue
else
echo "Removing forever ~/.trash/$file"
rm -rf ~/.trash/$file
fi
done
fi
echo "Done."
;;
f) # 强制删除
#exec rm -rf "$@" # exec会以新的进程去代替原来的进程
force=1
for file in $@
do
debaroption $file
ret=$?
if [ $ret -eq 1 ]
then
echo "Removing $file"
rm -rf $file
fi
done
echo "Done."
;;
r) # 恢复文件
# 说明：恢复文件时指定的参数应该为带删除日期的新文件名
restore=1
#if zenity --question --text "Are you sure you want to restore the file ?"
echo -ne "Are you sure you want to restore the file?[Y/N]:\a"
read reply
if [ $reply = "y" -o $reply = "Y" ]
then
for file in $@
do
debaroption $file
ret=$?
if [ $ret -eq 1 ]
then
fullpath="$HOME/.trash/$file"
if [ -f "$fullpath" -o -d "$fullpath" -o -h "$fullpath" -o -p "$fullpath" ]
then
originalpath=$(awk /$file/'{print $4}' "$HOME/.trash/$LOGFILE")
#filenamenow=$(awk /$file/'{print $1}' "$HOME/.trash/$LOGFILE")
filenamebefore=$(awk /$file/'{print $2}' "$HOME/.trash/$LOGFILE")
echo "Restoring $file"
mv -b "$HOME/.trash/$file" "$originalpath"
sed -i "/$file/d" "$HOME/.trash/$LOGFILE"
else
echo -e "${COLOR_RED}There is no file in the trash.$COLOR_RESET"
fi
fi
done
fi
echo "Done."
;;
p) # 打印删除日志文件
cat ~/.trash/$LOGFILE
;;
l) # 列出回收站中的所有文件
ls -a ~/.trash/
;;
v) # 显示版本号
echo "delete v0.9 (c) 2015 by huoty."
;;
h) # 查看帮助
usage
;;
*) # 无效参数
usage
exit 0
;;
esac
done
#### 删除到回收站
if [ $force -eq 0 -a $restore -eq 0 ]
then
for file in $@
do
debaroption $file
ret=$?
if [ $ret -eq 1 ]
then
now=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
filename="${file##*/}"
newfilename="${file##*/}_${now}"
mark1=`expr substr $file 1 2`
mark2=`expr substr $file 1 1`
if [ $mark1 = "./" ]
then
fullpath="$(pwd)/$filename"
elif [ $mark2 = "/" ]
then
fullpath="$file"
else
fullpath="$(pwd)/$file"
fi
if [ -f "$fullpath" -o -d "$fullpath" -o -h "$fullpath" -o -p "$fullpath" ]
then
if [ -f "$file" ] && [ `ls -l $file | awk '{print $5}'` -gt 2147483648 ]
then
#if zenity --question --text "$filename size is larger than 2G, will be deleted directly.\nSelect “No” to delete the trash."
echo -ne "$filename size is larger than 2G, will be deleted directly.\nInput 'N' to delete the trash.[Y/N]:\a"
read reply
if [ $reply = "y" -o $reply = "Y" ]
then
echo -n "Removing $fullpath ... "
rm -rf $fullpath
echo "done."
else
echo -n "Deleting $fullpath ... "
mv -f $fullpath ~/.trash/$newfilename
echo $newfilename $filename $now $fullpath >> ~/.trash/$LOGFILE
echo "done."
fi
elif [ -d "$file" ] && [ `du -sb $file | awk '{print $1}'` -gt 2147483648 ]
then
#if zenity --question --text "The directory:$filename is larger than 2G, will be deleted directly.\nSelect “No” to delete the trash."
echo -ne "The directory:$filename is larger than 2G, will be deleted directly.\nSelect “No” to delete the trash.\a"
read reply
if [ $reply = "y" -o $reply = "Y" ]
then
echo -n "Removing $fullpath ... "
rm -rf $fullpath
echo "done."
else
echo -n "Deleting $fullpath ... "
mv -f $fullpath ~/.trash/$newfilename
echo $newfilename $filename $now $fullpath >> ~/.trash/$LOGFILE
echo "done."
fi
else
echo -n "Deleting $fullpath ... "
mv -f $fullpath ~/.trash/$newfilename
echo $newfilename $filename $now $fullpath >> ~/.trash/$LOGFILE
echo "done."
fi
else
echo -e "${COLOR_RED}Could not delete the $fullpath!${COLOR_RESET}"
fi
fi
done
fi
#### 脚本结束
exit 0
Linux常见的安装文件有tar，zip，gz，rpm，deb，bin等格式。这其中有打包或压缩文件包的形式，也有带管理工具的包形式，而 bin 文件则是一类将 shell 脚本和压缩包合并在一起的安装文件。bin 文件不如带管理工具的 rpm，deb 等软件包方便，但它比单纯的压缩包方便得多，你可以将想要的操作通过 shell 脚本来完成。
制作.bin文件的方法很简单，.bin安装文件其实就是sh文件和zip压缩文件或者deb、rpm等其他安装文件的打包形式，用cat将sh文件和压缩包文件连接成一个文件即可。连接命令：
cat install.sh 安装文件 > myinstall.bin
一下是一个制作 vim 配置文件自动安装的 .bin 文件的示例：
#!/bin/sh
############ 打印描述信息
echo "\n============================================================\n"
echo " 本程序所安装的内容为Linux下vim的配置文件，包括vim的一些"
echo "插件。程序会安装一个.vimrc的配置文件和一个.vim的插件目录到用"
echo "户主目录下。程序安装完成后，在 .vim/doc 目录下有一个viskey.5"
echo "的manpage文件，可将此文件移动到 /usr/share/man/zh_CN/man5/ "
echo "或者/usr/share/man/man5/目录下，然后便可使用 man viskey 命令"
echo "查看安装本配置后vim的使用方法。本安装程序由HUOTY制作，如有问"
echo "题，请与我联系，邮箱：sudohuoty@163.com\n"
echo " HUOTY 2014.07.31 "
echo "------------------------------------------------------------\n"
echo "是否继续安装？[Y/N]"
read input rdd
case $input in
y* | Y*)
echo "\n安装开始......\n";;
n* | N* | *)
echo "\n未能成功安装，安装程序正在退出......\n"
exit 0;;
esac
############ 解压缩包到临时目录
echo "正在提取安装文件："
sed -n -e '1,/^exit 0$/!p' $0 > "/tmp/vimpackages.tar.xz" 2>/dev/null
rm -rf /tmp/vimpackages
tar Jxvf /tmp/vimpackages.tar.xz -C /tmp
echo "\n"
############ 移动目录
echo "正在移动文件......"
rm -rf ~/.vim
rm -rf ~/.vimrc
mv /tmp/vimpackages/vim ~/.vim
mv /tmp/vimpackages/vimrc ~/.vimrc
rm -rf /tmp/ctags
mkdir /tmp/ctags
mv /tmp/vimpackages/ctags-5.6.tar.gz /tmp/ctags
mv /tmp/vimpackages/ctags.txt /tmp/ctags/REDME.HY
############ 清理工作
rm -rf /tmp/vimpackages
rm -rf /tmp/vimpackages.tar.xz
############ 安装 ctags 插件
echo "\n"
echo "#####"
echo " 安装本配置文件之后，需要 ctags 插件的支持，如果您的系统"
echo "中没有安装次插件，则需要安装，否则打开vim时可能会报错。本程"
echo "序已将 ctags 的安装包以及安装方法解压到了 /tmp/ctags 下，您"
echo "也可以自己安装合适的版本，如果不需要本安装程序提供的ctags安"
echo "装包，建议您将其删除。\n"
echo "是否删除 ctags 的安装包？[Y/N]"
read in2 rdd2
case $in2 in
y* | Y*)
rm -rf /tmp/ctags
echo "\n已删除ctags的安装包......\n"
echo "\n--------------- 安装完成 ---------------\n";;
n* | N* | *)
echo "\n--------------- 安装完成 ---------------\n";;
esac
exit 0